
Introduction
Environmental regulators across the UK have several civil sanctions and enforcement tools to oversee the packaging EPR system, supported by the 2021 Environment Act, the RES Act 2008 and the Environmental Civil Sanctions Order 2010. The action they take is at their discretion and depends on the nature and severity of non‑compliance, underlined by the regulators’ code.
While prosecution is a last resort, it remains a risk. Here’s what you need to know.
Aim of enforcement and sanction penalties
Regulators use enforcement and sanctions to change offender behaviour, remove any financial gain from non‑compliance, act proportionately, and deter future breaches. They identify issues via audits of obligated businesses and their submitted data.
As parts of the EPR system are now well‑established, audits are increasing and becoming stricter. Any producer can be audited as part of routine regulation of the system.
Consequences of breaches to the EPR regulations
Below is an overview of the potential actions regulators may take if a business breaches EPR regulations. This isn’t a complete list of enforcement options or offence‑specific responses, which you can find here.
- Advice, warnings and notices: Regulators may first offer advice to help a business achieve compliance. They can also issue warnings, to be kept on record and considered in future enforcement. A compliance notice may also be issued, requiring the business to stop the breach and take corrective action. These may be issued alongside financial penalties.
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Change history
22 January 2026
We improved and simplified this article to make the information easier to digest.
23 April 2025
We added new information to the 'Regulators and regulator charges' section about the various regulators and their contact details.


